پنجشنبه، دی ۱۶، ۱۳۸۹

جواب به "وجود نداشتن آخرت و خدا غیر عادلانه است"

شرح سفسطه:
شما نگاه بکنید، مگر میشود آخرتی وجود نداشته باشد، یک شخصی مثل هیتلر و یا خمینی در این دنیا باعث کشته شدن هزاران نفر میشود و جنایات بسیار میکند و اگر آخرتی وجود نداشته باشد این شخص با آن انسانهای پاک و بیگناهی که به بشریت خدمت کرده و میکنند برابر میشود، این کاملا غیر عادلانه است! پس آخرتی باید وجود داشته باشد.

پاسخ:
این سفسطه توسط عوام و دین فروشان حرفه ای یعنی روحانیون (تاجران دینی) به کرار تکرار میشود و خیلی وقتها اولین چیزیست که بعد از انکار وجود خداوند توسط خداپرستان مطرح میشود، در این نوشتار تلاش بر این است که اشکال این استدلال خطا، مورد بررسی قرار گیرد و سفسطه آمیز بودن آن هویدا شود. بسیار جای شگفتی خواهد بود اگر کسی بتواند بهتر از این دچار مغلطه بشود.

این سفسطه مثل این میماند که وزیر کشاورزی یک کشور بگوید:
اگر امسال باران نیاید، خشکسالی روی میدهد و تمام محصولات کشاورزی ما از بین خواهد رفت و قحطی خواهد شد و ما نیازمند کمک کشورهای دیگر خواهیم بود و چون پول خرید محصولات کشاورزی آنها را نداریم نزدیک 50 میلیون نفر امسال در صورت بروز خشکسالی از گرسنگی خواهند مرد، و بعد از این عبارات نتیجه بگیرد، پس حتما امسال باران می آید! چون اگر باران نیاید وضعیت بسیار بدی روی خواهد داد!

در پاسخ به این پرسش از قول کریستفر هیچنز، میگویم که "کائنات به ما عدالت بدهکار نیست". موقعیت ما در مقابل جهان موقعیت دانش آموزی از هستی و کسب معرفت نسبت به آن است نه طراحی هستی و پدید آوردن حقایق! ما تنها میتوانیم با آنچه موجود است و وجود دارد رابطه معرفتی و ادراکی برقرار کنیم نه اینکه آنچه باید باشد یا بهتر است باشد و ایدآل هست را درست و محقق فرض کنیم! به عبارت دیگر ما تنها میتوانیم کاشف حقیقت باشیم و نه مخترع حقیقت! حقایق وجود دارند و ما باید آنها را کشف کنیم، ما حق نداریم حقیقتی را اختراع کنیم! حقایق پوشیده (Cover) است و ما باید آنرا کشف (Discover) کنیم و هیچ تضمینی در واقعیت وجود ندارد که جهان باید عادلانه باشد.
مسئله اینجاست که حتی اگر تمام این استدلال ها مبنی بر  اینکه اگر خدایی وجود نداشته باشد زندگی تیره و تار میشود (که ما دقیقا به برعکس آن اعتقاد داریم یعنی مذهب و دین را آلوده کننده ترین آسیب اجتماعی میدانیم) درست و منطقی از آب در بیایند هرگز صرف این استدلال سبب نمیشود که ما بتوانیم به این نتیجه برسیم که چون نباید اینگونه باشد باید خدایی را در نظر بگیریم، این یکنوع فرار کردن از واقعیات و پناه بردن به ماوراء طبیعیات مبهم و موهومی است که بشر برای فرار از حقیقت ساخته و پرداخته،  و این کار همان کاری که مذهبیون همواره انجام میدهند.
باید توجه داشت که یک انسان خردگرا و خردمند از میان نظریات و حقایق آنهایی را که منطقی تر، علمی تر و دقیق تر باشند انتخاب میکند نه آنهایی را که صرفا خوشگلتر و دلپسند تر هستند. به عبارت دیگر تلخ بودن یک واقعیت هرگز سبب نمیشود که آن واقعیت وجود نداشته باشد یا ما برای عدم وجود چنین واقعیتی بخواهیم دست به اختراع واقعیت های دیگری بزنیم، حقایق اختراع شده خرافه هستند!


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